Skip to main content

Testing your code

Perhaps no other coding practice is as important as testing your code. Also in the nature of Business Development, where parts of your code always change on the request of a client (including Management), or even when you want to make your code run with better performance, Automated tests are highly needed, you can't just spread your print statements all over your code every time you need to test it.
With automated tests, you can just be sure that your interface is not broken after some change, you just run your tests, if they succeed, you know that you didn't break your code (this means you should right good tests).
Let's start by a simple example, Imagine that we have been asked to test PHP's built-in Array. One bit of functionality to test is the function sizeof(). For a newly created array we expect the sizeof() function to return 0. After we add an element, sizeof() should return 1. (I know it's not a big deal, but it's just an example).
you can do it with simple print statements (i.e. print (1 == sizeof($myArray) ? "OK":"Failure").PHP_EOL; ), but here we are going to do it by using an assertion function.


< ?php
$fixture = Array();
assertTrue(sizeof($fixture) == 0);

$fixture[] = "element";
assertTrue(sizeof($fixture) == 1);

function assertTrue($condition) {
if (!$condition) {
throw new Exception("Assertion failed.");
}
}
?>

Well, we could know if something went wrong if some Exception was raised, of course assertTrue is not the only thing you want to do, UnitTesting has gone far beyond that, usually UnitTesting frameworks provide a whole lot of features that you need for your testing.
Lot's of Testing frameworks are available for PHP, I'm going to point to 2 of them, the first one is SimpleTest (http://simpletest.org/), it's written in PHP 4 (Although they are going to migrate to PHP 5 when they reach version 2), so you can use it on both PHP 4 and 5 programs, also it includes a nice HTML reporter for some good looking html results the same test above could be written using this framework as:

< ?php
require_once 'simpletest/unit_tester.php';
require_once 'simpletest/reporter.php';

class TestingFixtureArray extends UnitTestCase {
function TestArray() {
$this->UnitTestCase("Testing Fixture Array");
$fixture = Array();
$this->assertTrue(sizeof($fixture) == 0);

$fixture[] = "element";
$this->assertTrue(sizeof($fixture) == 1);


}
}

//run the Test
$test = new TestingFixtureArray();
$test->run(new HtmlReporter());
?>

Another Well know testing framework is known as PHPUnit2 (http://www.phpunit.de/), it's available through the PEAR Repository, you can install it as
$ pear install PHPUnit2
It's written in PHP 5, and is so widely used within PHP Developers, a good resource for learning how to use it is the free available online book PHPUnit Pocket Guide (http://www.phpunit.de/pocket_guide/index.en.php), the same example could be:

< ?php
require_once 'PHPUnit2/Framework/TestCase.php';

class ArrayTest extends PHPUnit2_Framework_TestCase {
public function testNewArrayIsEmpty() {
// Create the Array fixture.
$fixture = Array();

// Assert that the size of the Array fixture is 0.
$this->assertEquals(0, sizeof($fixture));


}

public function testArrayContainsAnElement() {
// Create the Array fixture.
$fixture = Array();

// Add an element to the Array fixture.
$fixture[] = 'Element';

// Assert that the size of the Array fixture is 1.
$this->assertEquals(1, sizeof($fixture));


}
}
?>

and you can run it on command line as
$ phpunit ArrayTest

Additional benefits that you can realize by thoroughly testing your code:


  • Testing forces you to write code that is easily testable. This leads to looser coupling, flexible designs, and good modularity.

  • Writing tests forces you to explicitly clarify your expectations of how your code is to behave, distilling your design into sharper focus from the beginning. Writing tests forces you to consider the universe of possible inputs and the corresponding results.

  • Tests are very explicit way of communicating the intent of your code. In other words, test cases act as example and documentation, showing exactly how a given class, method, or function should behave. A test case defines how code works in a non-ambiguous way.



Finally, if your test suite - your set of test cases - is very thorough, you can say your code is complete when all of your test pass. Interestingly, that notion is one of the hallmarks of Test Driven Development.
Test Driven Development (TDD), also referred to as Test First Coding, is a methodology that takes testing one step further: you write your tests before you ever write any code. A nice, brief summary of the tenants of TDD is available at http://xprogramming.com/xpmag/testFirstGuidelines.htm, and a good introductory book on the strategy is "Test Driven Development: By Example" by Kent Beck. (The book's examples are in Java, but it's a quick read and gives you a very good overview and introduction to the subject.)

Agile Development
Recently, unit testing - in particular Test Driven Development - has been associated with agile Development methodologies such as Extreme Programming (XP)g that focus on rapid iterations of releasing functional code to customers and welcoming changing customer requirements as a natural part of the development process. Some good online resources for learning about agile development include:




[tags] automated tests, sizeof, business development, array, functionality, element, nature of business, interface[/tags]

Comments

  1. That is indeed true.
    The worset thing anyone could do about a mistake is to lie about it.

    ReplyDelete
  2. PHPUnit is no longer named "PHPUnit2" and is no longer hosted in PEAR. Please see its website for updated installation instructions and for details on how to write and run tests for/with PHPUnit.

    ReplyDelete
  3. Nice summary - it might be noteworthy that for testing frontends instead of APIs, using Selenium will ease test creation and automation quite a bit. Selenium integration is available with the latest PHPUnit releases.

    PHPUnit, by the way, is no longer hosted in PEAR, so a simple "pear install PHPUnit2" won't do any longer - you'll have to register the appropriate channel server first. I'm not sure if PHPUnit even exists in the official PEAR channel anymore - if it does, it's an old version that won't likely receive any more updates.

    ReplyDelete
  4. Hi,
    what plugin you are using for code display?

    ReplyDelete
  5. There is also the mostly unknown function assert, which is available in standard distribution. It also has the advantage to be totally removed with the simple switch of a PHP directive.

    http://ca.php.net/assert

    HTH.

    ReplyDelete
  6. PHPUnit3 has been launched and has many many new things to try

    ReplyDelete
  7. I like Unittests and love PHPUnit, a tool that needs more advocacy .. its just a very productive test tool. I had great results writing some thousand tests with it ;)

    Sebastian

    ReplyDelete
  8. Thanks for your replys
    Bergmann, thanks for the update, I haven't checked the pear site for quite some time, the installation instructions now would be:
    $ pear channel-discover pear.phpunit.de
    $ pear install phpunit/PHPUnit
    Seguy, unit testing is not just about assertions, it's a lot more.
    Rodríguez, thanks for the update, I guess I'm going to try it real soon.

    ReplyDelete

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Zend PHP 5 Certification Voucher *sheesh* DISCOUNT

In 2005 we had great discount from Zend for the PHP4 exam voucher, guide and practice book, This year, couple of months ago we at JoPHP (Jordan PHP Users Group) for PHP5 Exam festival, we had plan to do one week exam preparation session and then twenty five of us was motivated to take the exam. Many things slowed down the plan and killed the motive and I guess you are safe to put it on me and blame me for that; Hope we will be able to prepare for another event later in 2007. But anyway we always have B plan and here is the deal Purchase PHP 5 Certification Guide which is available in PDF format Practice for the exam Purchase the Certification voucher and use this zcej100 discount code to get $25 off your order. When you feel comfortable, Schedule your test and take the exam Big thanks for Zend for their generous offer and hope we can make better plan for such event next year. Wish you the best. [tags] php users, zend, voucher, users group, many things, motive, jordan, certif

?????? ?????

?????, ?????, ????? ??? ???? ?????! ?? ????? ??????? ???, ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? , ???? ???? ????? ???????, ????????, ???? ???????, ???? ? ???? ? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????, ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ? ???????? ???? ???????, ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????, ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??, ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????

اهم التطورات العلمية في العام ٢٠١٩